Rate-and-term: change the rate or payoff date
This approach mainly changes your rate, term or loan type rather than providing a large cash payout. The balance can still rise if eligible costs are financed. Compare the years left on your current loan with the new term, not just the two monthly payments.
Cash-out: use part of your equity for a planned expense
Equity is your home’s value minus the debt against it. A cash-out refinance replaces the old mortgage with a larger loan and can provide funds for repairs, education or another planned need. You keep less equity and owe more against the home. The CFPB guide to home equity borrowing choices explains how to compare this with a separate home equity loan.
How much cash would you actually receive?
Start with the approved new loan amount. Subtract the old mortgage payoff, other required debt payoffs and any costs or amounts due paid from the loan. Illustration only: a $300,000 loan minus a $240,000 mortgage payoff and $6,000 in costs leaves $54,000 before any other amounts due. These are sample numbers, not an offer. Ask for a written breakdown of your own funds.
Your home’s value is only part of the review
The lender checks your credit, income, debts and property as well as the loan’s share of the home’s value. That share is called loan-to-value, or LTV. You may need to leave some equity in the home. How long you have owned it and had the current loan can also matter. Fannie Mae’s conventional cash-out guide shows why program rules and exceptions matter. Other loan types and lenders can have different rules.
Streamline: ask about your existing government-backed loan
An existing FHA loan may qualify for an FHA streamline refinance, which can require less paperwork but still has costs and benefit rules. For an existing VA loan, VA’s IRRRL guide explains its streamline option. These are not general cash-out programs. Payment history, loan timing and lender requirements still matter; less paperwork does not mean automatic approval.
Cash-in: pay down the balance at closing
You may choose to provide extra funds to reduce the new loan balance. That may help the terms, but compare the benefit with the savings you would use. Keep enough cash for upkeep, other bills and unexpected needs. Ask the lender how a different loan amount changes the offer.